Medieval Christian art co-identified Jews and Muslims as interchangeable enemies.

Evidence

But of course this makes sense, given the medieval association of Jews and Muslims, seen in the charges that Muslims were “New Jews,” the images of Jewish Sarrazins, and other examples of co-identification. In Renaissance painting, Jewish and Muslim figures often appear side by side, accompanied by symbols that further confuse the categories of Jew and Muslim. On a wall painting at the San Sacro Benedictine monastery in Subiaco, the flags surrounding the scene of Christ bearing the Cross include flags with Jewish badges and Muslim crescents. — Sophia Rose Arjana, Muslims in the Western Imagination, 255

Categorization

Category: Factual Claims

• XREF: Connects to the reader’s knowledge of how one out-group image bleeds into another — the ‘New Jews’ charge parallels how other religious/ethnic groups get coded through prior enemy templates.
• ADDENDUM: Supports the ‘Complaints About Immodesty’ essay’s cross-cultural frame but more directly feeds the reader’s Muslim-monster thesis: the enemy-category blurring is how the image gets manufactured.

Related

• Medieval Christian art equated Jews and Muslims under shared imagery (similarity 0.91)
• Renaissance art visually conflated Jews and Muslims into one enemy category (similarity 0.88)
• Medieval theology framed Jews and Muslims as heretical collaborators in anti-Christian violence. (similarity 0.85)
• Medieval Christians co-identified Jews and Muslims as one hybrid enemy (similarity 0.85)
• Christian art fused Jews and Muslims into one eternal-enemy figure. (similarity 0.85)
• Christians treated Jews and Muslims as interchangeable enemies in art (similarity 0.84)
• Medieval Christians deliberately blurred Jewish and Muslim identities into one body. (similarity 0.82)
• Jews and Muslims were interchangeable demonic figures in the medieval Christian imagination. (similarity 0.82)
• Renaissance artists represented Jews with Muslim dress to create a shared Jewish-Muslim monster. (similarity 0.82)
• Anti-Semitic and anti-Muslim images fused into one stock enemy (similarity 0.82)
• Medieval Christianity treated Jews and Muslims as equivalent infideles long before modern anti-Semitism (similarity 0.81)
• Medieval Christians conflated Jews and Muslims into shared monster figures (similarity 0.81)
• Renaissance art fused Jewish and Muslim markers to create a single hybrid enemy figure. (similarity 0.81)
• Medieval Christians conflated Jews with other enemies of orthodoxy like Arians and Lollards (similarity 0.81)
• The monstrous Muslim-Jew enemy served to constitute European identity. (similarity 0.80)