Religious othering of Jews and Muslims has historically been intertwined.

Evidence

Others have suggested a link between the growing association between the various enemies of Christendom (or of those who were perceived as such) and the increasing violence and repression exercised against them. Many historians of Judaism in northern Europe have seen the anti-Jewish violence of the first Crusade as a watershed between the early Middle Ages, when Jews were accepted in Christian society, and the later Middle Ages, when they were subject to increasing persecution. For Jeremy Cohen, it is the missionary efforts of the thirteenth-century mendicant friars that marks the rise of intolerance, leading to an intensification of violence against Jews and to a sharp decline in their legal and social status; for him the “Muslim connection,” the increasing link between the anti-Muslim and anti-Jewish polemics of mendicants and others, may be in part responsible for this change. — John V. Tolan, Saracens, 1368 (#corroborates, via linked claim)

Categorization

• XREF: connects to: Judaism resists modern Western categories of nation, ethnicity, race, and religion. — Nadim N. Rouhana and Nadera Shalhoub-Kevorkian, When Politics Are Sacralized:…, 743; Parallel racialization logics target Jews and Muslims across eras. — Nasar Meer, Racialization and Religion: Race,…, 40; Dhimmi bishops mediated between Christian flocks and Muslim rulers for mutual gain. (+19 more)

Broader Connections

• The vilification of Jews and Muslims is one continuous historical process #corroborates (0.95)
• Medieval anti-Jewish and anti-Muslim polemics became increasingly linked #corroborates (0.94) — John V. Tolan, Saracens, 1368
• Medieval Christianity treated Jews and Muslims as interchangeable heretics #corroborates (0.93)
• Christian typology historically coupled Jews and Muslims as carnal children of Abraham. #corroborates (0.92) — Gil Anidjar, The Jew, the Arab, 338
• Islam’s relationship to Jewish sources differed structurally from Christianity’s #complicates (0.78) — Bernard Lewis, From Babel to Dragomans, 320
• Official gestures pairing Jews with Muslims can mask an asymmetry of concern. #complicates (0.75) — James Renton, Ben Gidley (eds.), Antisemitism and Islamophobia in Europe, 60