Religion and nationalism are fused throughout secular Zionism, not only in religious nationalism.

Evidence

My argument in this chapter is not that no major political force of religious nationalism emerged in Israel that fits Ram’s category. It did. My argument is that religionism has been an integral part of Zionism altogether, not only of religious nationalism, precisely because religion and nationalism are fused. Thus, while Ram rightly points out that the blend of nationalism and religionism in Zionism has shifted over history, he and many others underestimate the underlying fusion of religion and nationalism throughout all the various stages, including in the stage of what he calls “secular nationalism” in Israel that according to him peaked in the 1960s. The two missing links in such an argument are, first, the reluctance, often aversion, to seeing and analyzing Zionism as an ongoing settler-colonial project (with no completion goal or end in sight), driven by a continuous need to justify establishing an ethnically exclusive Jewish state in Palestine and a growing need to legitimize the unceasing settlement project; and second, Palestinian agency and resistance. — Nadim N. Rouhana and Nadera Shalhoub-Kevorkian, When Politics Are Sacralized, 523

Categorization

• XREF: Directly relevant to the reader’s question of whether professed secular conviction masks underlying sacralized commitment; parallels the conviction-vs-measured-bias divergence theme in their research. — connects to: Zionism fuses religious and national identity so completely they are indistinguishable. — Nadim N. Rouhana and Nadera Shalhoub-Kevorkian, When Politics Are Sacralized:…, 483; Exclusive land control was religiously founded even during Zionism’s secular phase. — Nadim N. Rouhana and Nadera Shalhoub-Kevorkian, When Politics Are Sacralized:…, 504; Secular Zionism deliberately fused itself with religious claims to build legitimacy. — Nadim N. Rouhana and Nadera Shalhoub-Kevorkian, When Politics Are Sacralized:…, 511 (+10 more)

Broader Connections

• The religious core is inseparable from Zionism but separable from Israeli Jewish nationalism #qualifies (0.85) — Nadim N. Rouhana and Nadera Shalhoub-Kevorkian, When Politics Are Sacralized, 564
• Secularist bias hid that nationalism and religion fused while remaining distinct #corroborates (0.80) — Nadim N. Rouhana and Nadera Shalhoub-Kevorkian, When Politics Are Sacralized, 70
• Distinguishes ‘full fusion’ nationalisms from mere religiously-inflected ones by whether religion defines the nationalism #complicates (0.75) — Nadim N. Rouhana and Nadera Shalhoub-Kevorkian, When Politics Are Sacralized, 102
• Nationalisms vary in how fully religion defines them rather than merely residue #complicates (0.75) — Nadim N. Rouhana and Nadera Shalhoub-Kevorkian, When Politics Are Sacralized, 102
• A religious-nationalist movement can secularize while retaining religious roots #qualifies (0.72) — Nadim N. Rouhana and Nadera Shalhoub-Kevorkian, When Politics Are Sacralized, 211
• Religion and nationalism fuse when religious symbols represent the nation #expands (0.72) — Nadim N. Rouhana and Nadera Shalhoub-Kevorkian, When Politics Are Sacralized, 71
• Christian nationalism fuses ethnic, racial, and political hierarchy with religious identity #exemplifies (0.72) — Andrew L. Whitehead; Samuel L. Perry, Taking America Back for God, 66
• Nationalism and religious zeal can merge into a shared fanaticism. #expands (0.70) — Peter Morey, Islamophobia and the Novel, 431
• Zionist secularism was a European cultural identity by definition #qualifies (0.70) — Ivan Davidson Kalmar, Derek Penslar, Orientalism and the Jews, 663