Racial states govern by both spatial-social restriction and criminalization

Evidence

Relatedly, racial states govern populations identified in explicitly racial terms. The identification legally and administratively of groups as inherently inferior or historically immature, as native or indigenous to colonized spaces, is taken invariably to entail - to require - their management and oversight. Such regulation commands not just what the racially regulated can do but where they can and cannot go, what educational institutions they can access, with whom they can fraternize, and where they can reside. But it commands also under what conditions the racially marginalized are profiled and criminalized - which is to say, subjected to surveillance and suspicion, punished, imprisoned, placed on probation, and paroled. — David Theo Goldberg, John Solomos, A Companion to Racial and Ethnic Studies, 1690

Categorization

• DEFINE: Pins down two distinct registers of racial-state regulation — mobility/association restriction vs. surveillance and punishment — that definitions elsewhere often conflate.
• XREF: connects to: Racial states regulate labor, demographics, and crime as core functions — David Theo Goldberg, John Solomos, A Companion to Racial and Ethnic Studies, 1665; Capitalist states regulate migration, demography, and crime in racial terms; Racialized governance extends from residential and educational restrictions into criminalization and surveillance (+2 more)

Broader Connections

• Racialized governance extends from residential and educational restrictions into criminalization and surveillance #expands (0.95)
• Capitalist states regulate migration, demography, and crime in racial terms #expands (0.92)
• Imprisonment for criminality can be triggered by race alone #expands (0.85)
• Racialized unruly populations become targets of states of exception #expands (0.80) — David Theo Goldberg, The Threat of Race, 1750