Racial profiling violates the Fourth Amendment yet is institutionalized by the state

Evidence

The interviews confirm that state-initiated surveillance is racially motivated and gendered. Profiling based on religious, ethnic, or racial identity contradicts the basic provisions of the Fourth Amendment, which states that stops and searches are illegal without probable cause. Relying on physical cues rather than behaviors as a basis to determine criminality results in a judicial system that is inherently flawed. It also does not make America any safer from a potential violent attack. — Saher Selod, Forever Suspect_ Racialized…, 245

Categorization

• QUESTION: Worth chasing the empirical evidence that profiling ‘does not make America any safer’ — what supports this beyond a conclusory claim?