Racial ideas shifted from Black hardiness to weakness after emancipation

Evidence

Discriminators started picturing Blacks as weak, too weak to survive in freedom, beings that desperately needed to learn to be strong without their masters and government assistance. — Ibram X. Kendi, Stamped from the Beginning, 698

Categorization

• XREF: Directly instantiates Kendi’s core thesis: racist policy change (emancipation) preceded and drove the production of new racist ideas. Compare to the earlier examples where enslavers justified bondage with claims of Black physical hardiness.