Race-based inequalities make citizenship questions urgent in heterogeneous states

Evidence

What does citizenship mean in societies shaped by social relations based on race and ethnicity? Is it possible for increasingly multiethnic states that are demographically and culturally heterogeneous to evolve more inclusive conceptions of citizenship and structures of belonging? These questions are especially salient for those societies marked not just by ethnic, religious, and cultural difference but more deeply by racially predicated and prompted inequalities. — David Theo Goldberg, John Solomos, A Companion to Racial and Ethnic Studies, 645