Protectionism trapped Southern peasants in a dual loss of export markets and cheap goods

Evidence

But its impact on agricultural Italy was, with the exception of the cereal-producers in the Centre and North, calamitous: the peasants were no longer able to export their produce, and at the same time were forced to buy the products of Italian industry rather than the far cheaper goods made in the more advanced industrial countries. — Antonio Gramsci, Selections from the Prison Notebooks, 41

Categorization

• XREF: A concrete instance of dependent-development extraction — resonates with how colonial economies are restructured to serve the metropole. — connects to: Rich nations achieved growth through protectionism they now deny the South — Clara E. Mattei, Escape from Capitalism, 296