Prejudice’s psychological harm is now seen as conditional rather than inevitable.

Evidence

Within stress and coping frameworks it is theoretically possible for people to be exposed to prejudice but not perceive it, as well as to perceive themselves as targets of prejudice but not experience this as stressful. In sum, contemporary approaches view the psychological effects of prejudice as less permanent, less internalized, less inevitable, and less universal than did Allport. — , Rudman, Laurie A - On the Nature of…, 939

Categorization

• XREF: Connects to the reader’s interest in how harm/oppression is framed as contingent vs. deterministic — echoes the cognitive appraisal framing from stress research. — connects to: Both prejudiced and unprejudiced personalities pay a psychological price under poor conditions. — Rolf Wiggershaus, The Frankfurt School: Its History,…, 1834