Pre-national-state armies relied on pay and coercion rather than patriotism to hold together

Evidence

In that sense Ibrahim was faced with the usual problems confronting a commander of any of the European armies that preceded the rise of the modern nation-state: a mercenary officer corps that was on the “job market” seeking employment in the expanding armies of this or that prince or king and a disgruntled peasantry which had been conscripted by force but which had not yet been fooled into thinking that it was their own interest that they were fighting for. Force and lucrative pay were the only way to keep such armies intact. It follows that too little pay might push the officers to defect and seek another career opportunity elsewhere, and too much force in imposing discipline might incite the soldiers to open rebellion. — Khaled Fahmy, All the Pasha_s Men_ Mehmed Ali, his…, 1333

Categorization

• DEFINE: Defines the structural mechanics of any pre-nation-state European army: mercenary officers on a job market plus forcibly conscripted peasants, held together only by pay and force.
• XREF: connects to: French revolutionary armies relied on patriotic motive rather than Prussian discipline — Khaled Fahmy, All the Pasha_s Men_ Mehmed Ali, his…, 1362