Philosophers both reflect their historical milieu and shape future institutions

Evidence

Philosophers are both effects and causes: effects of their social circumstances and of the politics and institutions of their time; causes (if they are fortunate) of beliefs which mould the politics and institutions of later ages. — Bertrand Russell, History of Western Philosophy, 32

Categorization

• corroborated: 2 independent passages support this claim — Bertrand Russell, History of Western Philosophy, 32
• XREF: connects to: Academic interpretations of Rome’s fall reflect current social values. — Stephen Kershaw, A Brief History of the Roman Empire, 1852; Scholastic philosophy operates within orthodoxy and uses syllogistic reasoning — Bertrand Russell, History of Western Philosophy, 1658; A tired historical age generates philosophies focused on endurance rather than hope — Bertrand Russell, History of Western Philosophy, 1057 (+18 more)

Broader Connections

• A tired historical age generates philosophies focused on endurance rather than hope #exemplifies (0.65) — Bertrand Russell, History of Western Philosophy, 1057
• Academic interpretations of Rome’s fall reflect current social values. #exemplifies (0.60) — Stephen Kershaw, A Brief History of the Roman Empire, 1852
• Parmenides invented metaphysics based on logic that influenced subsequent philosophy #exemplifies (0.60) — Bertrand Russell, History of Western Philosophy, 275
• Scholastic philosophy operates within orthodoxy and uses syllogistic reasoning #exemplifies (0.55) — Bertrand Russell, History of Western Philosophy, 1658
• Historical conjunctures are overdetermined accumulations of heterogeneous contradictions #expands (0.45)