A tired historical age generates philosophies focused on endurance rather than hope

Evidence

The Stoic ethic suited the times of Epictetus and Marcus Aurelius, because its gospel was one of endurance rather than hope. — Bertrand Russell, History of Western Philosophy, 1057

Categorization

• corroborated: 2 independent passages support this claim — Bertrand Russell, History of Western Philosophy, 1057
• XREF: connects to: Philosophers both reflect their historical milieu and shape future institutions — Bertrand Russell, History of Western Philosophy, 32; Stoicism functions philosophically as an insincere rationalization of unavoidable unhappiness — Bertrand Russell, History of Western Philosophy, 1083; Endurance itself can outlast intermittent well-funded opponents across generations. — Jamal Awil, The Whispering Archive: The Complete…, 1613 (+4 more)

Broader Connections

• Stoicism functions philosophically as an insincere rationalization of unavoidable unhappiness #corroborates (0.75) — Bertrand Russell, History of Western Philosophy, 1083