People can belong to one group while desiring affiliation with another.

Evidence

Allport differentiated “ingroups” from “reference groups,” the latter being “groups to which the individual relates himself as a part, or to which he aspires to relate himself psychologically” (Sherif & Sherif, 1964, as quoted by Allport, 1954/1979, p. 37). He gave the example of a Black person who wishes to relate himself or herself to the White majority. The possibility of nominally belonging to one group while wanting to affiliate with another has been a recurrent theme of acculturation research (Berry, 1997). — John F. Dovidio, Peter Glick, Laurie A. Rudman, On the Nature of Prejudice, 455

Allport differentiated “ingroups” from “reference groups,” the latter being “groups to which the individual relates himself as a part, or to which he aspires to relate himself psychologically” (Sherif & Sherif, 1964, as quoted by Allport, 1954/1979, p. 37). He gave the example of a Black person who wishes to relate himself or herself to the White majority. The possibility of nominally belonging to one group while wanting to affiliate with another has been a recurrent theme of acculturation research (Berry, 1997). Berry’s model identifies four acculturation strategies that minority groups might pursue, formed from the combination of two orientations: a desire to maintain (or relinquish) ethnic identity and a desire to engage with other groups (or not). — , Rudman, Laurie A - On the Nature of…, 455

Categorization

• DEFINE: Introduces the ingroup/reference-group distinction, a foundational conceptual split.
• XREF: Echoes the passage about Muslims in the West wanting dual belonging — the ‘reference group’ concept is the psychological version of what assimilation debates describe. — connects to: Status-seekers rationally join groups that reward the virtues they already possess — W. David Marx, Status and Culture: How Our Desire for…, 100
• corroborated: 2 independent passages support this claim — John F. Dovidio, Peter Glick, Laurie A. Rudman, On the Nature of Prejudice: Fifty Years…, 455; , Rudman, Laurie A - On the Nature of…, 455