Pan-movements prefigured totalitarianism by discarding imperialist snobbery and exploiting hatred of representative institutions.

Evidence

It is true that the actual disintegration of the European party system was brought about, not by the panbut by the totalitarian movements. The pan-movements, however, which found their place somewhere between the small and comparatively harmless imperialist societies and the totalitarian movements, were forerunners of the totalitarians, insofar as they had already discarded the element of snobbery so conspicuous in all imperialist leagues, whether the snobbery of wealth and birth in England or of education in Germany, and therefore could take advantage of the deep popular hatred for those institutions which were supposed to represent the people. — Hannah Arendt, The Origins of Totalitarianism, 635

Categorization

• DEFINE: Establishes the analytic distinction between imperialist societies, pan-movements, and totalitarian movements — a key category for the toolkit on how movements displace parliamentary systems.
• XREF: Connects to the scaffolding on hegemony and how movements channel popular hatred of representation; relevant to Islamophobia readings about movements substituting for party politics.