Out-group hostility among men targets arbitrary status hierarchies, not specific ethnic enemies.

Evidence

Social dominance theorists have long argued that not only should one find greater explicit racism and xenophobia against specific ethnic groups (i.e., blacks, Latinos) among men relative to women, but that this greater out-group hostility among men should extend to arbitraryset out-groups in general. This desire to establish and maintain dominant/subordinate relationships vis-à-vis a broad array of social groups is referred to as social dominance orientation (SDO; Pratto, Sidanius, Stallworth, & Malle, 1994; Sidanius & Pratto, 1999). In the last 20 years, SDO has become one of the most widely studied constructs within the field of intergroup relations and has been shown to predict negative attitudes against a wide range of denigrated social groups such as Jews, blacks, Muslims, Arabs, gays, women, Latinos, Asians, foreigners, Whites Blacks Latinos Asians Others Foreign Figure 10. — Roderick M. Kramer, Geoffrey J. Leonardelli, Robert W. Livingston, Social Cognition, Social Identity, and…, 1244

Categorization

• DEFINE: Defines social dominance orientation as hostility toward dominance-subordinate relationships across arbitrary group categories.
• XREF: The SDO construct contrasting with classic racism connects directly to the reader’s thread on how Islamophobia/racism cognition mechanisms generalize vs. target specific out-groups — relevant to Allport’s ingroup/outgroup account.
• corroborated: 2 independent passages support this claim — Roderick M. Kramer, Geoffrey J. Leonardelli, Robert W. Livingston, Social Cognition, Social Identity, and…, 1244