Orientalism functions as a systemic structure embedded in the modern project

Evidence

Unlike Said, I will argue that Orientalism is not just a structured system but also, and far more crucially, a systemic structure, which is to say that it was embedded in, defined by, corralled into, and driven by a larger structure that extended horizontally and vertically throughout the modern project and its Enlightenment (notwithstanding the fact that the latter was neither a single event nor, by any means, a host of consistent narratives). — Wael Hallaq, Restating Orientalism, 25

Categorization

• DEFINE: Distinguishes a ‘structured system’ from a ‘systemic structure’ — the latter being embedded in and driven by a larger historical formation.