Operationalization is a distinct concept level where data collection becomes possible.

Evidence

The next level down I call the indicator/data level. Alternatively, it could be called the operationalization level. At this level we get specific enough that data can be gathered, which permits us to categorize— either dichotomously or on a more fine-grained scale—whether or not a specific phenomenon, individual, or event falls under the concept. — Gary Goertz, Social Science Concepts, 40

Categorization

• DEFINE: Clarifies that the indicator/data level is the point where abstraction yields to measureable categories.
• SEED: Angle: an essay on how dichotomous versus fine-grained coding choices secretly determine what a study can find.