Only about 20 audible roughness steps span the entire roughness range
Evidence
An increment of roughness becomes audible for an increment in the degree of modulation of about 10%, which corresponds to an increment of about 17% in roughness. For amplitude-modulated I-kHz tones and a modulation frequency of 70 Hz, a threshold of roughness is reached for values close to 0.07 asper. One asper is close to the maximum roughness for amplitude-modulated tones; there are thus only about 20 audible roughness steps throughout the total range of roughnesses. — Professor Dr.-Ing. Hugo Fastl, Professor Dr.-Ing. Eberhard, Psychoacoustics- Facts and Models, 1453
Categorization
Category: Factual Claims
Related
- Only about twenty audible roughness steps span the entire perceptual range (similarity 0.98)
- Wideband frequency modulation produces far more roughness than amplitude modulation (similarity 0.86)
- The modulation frequency of maximum roughness depends on carrier frequency only below 1 kHz (similarity 0.86)
- Roughness grows faster with modulation depth for tones than for noise (similarity 0.85)
- Frequency modulation produces up to six times the roughness of amplitude modulation (similarity 0.85)
- Roughness only emerges beyond 50 Hz frequency deviation then scales logarithmically (similarity 0.85)
- Fast amplitude modulations within a critical band produce roughness perception (similarity 0.85)
- One asper of roughness is standardized by a 70-Hz fully modulated 60-dB tone (similarity 0.84)
- Roughness grows by a factor of three per 40 dB of level increase (similarity 0.84)
- Roughness is proportional to the product of modulation frequency and masking depth (similarity 0.83)
- Roughness depends on modulation degree or FM index plus modulation rate (similarity 0.83)
- Just-noticeable amplitude modulation drops steeply as tone level rises (similarity 0.83)
- Amplitude-modulated tones produce three distinct sensations depending on modulation frequency (similarity 0.82)
- Roughness from harmonics requires fundamental frequencies below 100 Hz (similarity 0.82)
- Roughness reflects rate of change, so fast modulation roughens while slow change does not (similarity 0.82)