No critical apparatus exists for diagnosing how Orientalism is biased

Evidence

But if Orientalism must be our point of departure, it is the successive layers of the system and structure undergirding it that we must peel back, the first layer being that which the entire debate has revealed: that Orientalism involves a particular kind or kinds of bias, and that we have thus far failed to develop a proper critical apparatus for the diagnosis of this bias—hence the confusion and arbitrary ascriptions and distribution of the charge. — Wael Hallaq, Restating Orientalism, 23