National Socialism functioned as a non-state ruling directly without legal mediation

Evidence

Neumann called his examination of the structure and practice of National Socialism Behemoth with reference to Hobbes, whose Behemoth; or, the Long Parliament presented the English Civil War as a situation of anarchy, as a non-state, contrasting it unfavourably with Leviathan, the powerful state in which there were still remnants of law and order. In this way, the title pointed to one of the book’s central theses: that National Socialism isor is tending to becomea non-state'; that we are confronted with a form of society in which the ruling groups control the rest of the population directly, without the mediation of that rational though coercive apparatus hitherto known as the state.’ — Rolf Wiggershaus, The Frankfurt School, 1183

Categorization

• DEFINE: Explains the Behemoth/Leviathan conceptual frame Neumann deployed to characterize the Nazi regime as a non-state.
• XREF: Connects to the broader Weberian state-as-legitimate-monopoly-of-violence thread and to Marx’s characterization of the state; also parallels the ‘sovereign power operating outside law’ analysis in Frankfurt School critical theory. — connects to: A ruling party exercises hegemonic power without formal juridical rule — Antonio Gramsci, Selections from the Prison Notebooks, 944; Unequal treaties prefigured neoliberal empire without formal territorial control — Jessica Whyte, The Morals of the Market: Human Rights…, 262; Fascist state intervention in the private sector served capitalist interests, not state power — Clara E. Mattei, The Capital Order: How Economists…, 1713 (+4 more)

Broader Connections

• A ruling party exercises hegemonic power without formal juridical rule #corroborates (0.85) — Antonio Gramsci, Selections from the Prison Notebooks, 944
• Totalitarian rulers subordinate state, nation, and even self-interest to the movement’s fictitious future #expands (0.80) — Hannah Arendt, The Origins of Totalitarianism, 927
• Antisemitism served as an instrument to dissolve the nation-state itself #corroborates (0.80) — Hannah Arendt, The Origins of Totalitarianism, 150
• Fascist state intervention in the private sector served capitalist interests, not state power #complicates (0.75) — Clara E. Mattei, The Capital Order, 1713
• Tyranny governs without any pretense to legitimacy #corroborates (0.75) — Abdi Ismail Samatar, Africa’s First Democrats, 88
• Unequal treaties prefigured neoliberal empire without formal territorial control #corroborates (0.72) — Jessica Whyte, The Morals of the Market, 262
• Domination without leadership constitutes dictatorship without hegemony #qualifies (0.72) — Antonio Gramsci, Selections from the Prison Notebooks, 551