Napoleon justified invading Egypt by claiming to defend Islam from the Mamluks
Evidence
With Napoleon’s invasion of Egypt in 1798, we witness the beginning of serious European attempts to conquer Muslim lands in North Africa and the Middle East. Napoleon’s efforts failed, in part as a result of British intervention, but the French would succeed in invading and occupying Algeria in 1830. Algeria became the first permanent European colony in North Africa, and its conquest marked the beginning of a long, tumultuous, and at times bloody conflict between colonizer and colonized. — Green, Todd H, The Fear of Islam_ An Introduction to…, 172 (
#expands, via linked claim)
Other than the obvious fabrications about the French being Muslims and destroying the papacy, what is noteworthy about this manifesto is its attempt to win over Egyptians through praise for Islam. Napoleon repeatedly insisted that he was fighting for Islam; the demonization of Islam was not yet part of the repertoire. Unlike Cromer, who stated one century later that the system of “Islam” was responsible for the supposed inferiority of the Egyptians, Napoleon would not disparage Islam. Instead, he harnessed his knowledge of the religion to aid the colonial mission. As Hourani observes, Napoleon had “an admiration for the achievements of Muhammad.” Napoleon invited sixty Muslim scholars from al-Azhar to his quarters and impressed them with his knowledge of and respect for the Quran. Everything that Napoleon said was translated for popular consumption into Quranic Arabic. This strategy worked, Said argues, and the people of Cairo lost their distrust of the French colonizers. — Deepa Kumar, Islamophobia and the Politics of Empire, 169 (
#qualifies, via linked claim)
Other than the obvious fabrications about the French being Muslims and destroying the papacy, what is noteworthy about this manifesto is its attempt to win over Egyptians through praise for Islam. Napoleon repeatedly insisted that he was fighting for Islam; the demonization of Islam was not yet part of the repertoire. Unlike Cromer, who stated one century later that the system of “Islam” was responsible for the supposed inferiority of the Egyptians, Napoleon would not disparage Islam. Instead, he harnessed his knowledge of the religion to aid the colonial mission. — Deepa Kumar, Islamophobia and the Politics of Empire, 169 (
#expands, via linked claim)
Categorization
- XREF: connects to: Napoleon co-opted Islam to win over Egyptians rather than demonizing it — Deepa Kumar, Islamophobia and the Politics of…, 157; Napoleon’s 1798 invasion of Egypt began serious European conquest of Muslim lands — Green, Todd H, The Fear of Islam_ An Introduction to…, 172; Napoleon won Egyptian cooperation by praising Islam, not disparaging it — Deepa Kumar, Islamophobia and the Politics of…, 169 (+3 more)
Broader Connections
- Napoleon’s 1798 invasion of Egypt began serious European conquest of Muslim lands
#expands(0.85) — Green, Todd H, The Fear of Islam_ An Introduction to…, 172 - Napoleon won Egyptian cooperation by praising Islam, not disparaging it
#qualifies(0.80) — Deepa Kumar, Islamophobia and the Politics of Empire, 169 - Napoleon praised Islam instrumentally while Cromer later demonized it
#expands(0.80) — Deepa Kumar, Islamophobia and the Politics of Empire, 169 - Napoleon exploited praise for Islam rather than its demonization to colonize Egypt.
#exemplifies(0.75) - Napoleon’s pro-Islam propaganda successfully won Cairo to French rule
#qualifies(0.72) — Deepa Kumar, Islamophobia and the Politics of Empire, 111