Most Frankfurt School associates joined US wartime intelligence agencies by 1943.

Evidence

In 1943 six more or less full associates of the Institute were in full-or part-time government service, and were in this way visibly contributing to the war effort: Neumann as deputy chief of the Central European Section of the Office of Strategic Services (OSS), and consultant at the Board of Economic Warfare; Marcuse as senior analyst at the OSS; Kirchheimer and Gurland, also as members of staff at the OSS; Lowenthal as a consultant at the Office of War Information; and Pollock as consultant at the Department of Justice’s Anti-Trust Division. The only ones who were spared were Horkheimer and Adorno, the two principal theoreticians. — Rolf Wiggershaus, The Frankfurt School, 1253

Categorization

• XREF: Connects to the Frankfurt School’s American exile period and how refugee scholars were absorbed into US war-state institutions. — connects to: Six Institute associates joined US war agencies by 1943
• QUESTION: What did Marcuse and Neumann actually do at the OSS, and did their intelligence work shape their later critical theory of the state?