Morocco’s 1591 invasion of the Songhay empire was commanded by a Spanish-born general

Evidence

Following up a first expedition, a sort of reconnaissance in strength across the Sahara toward the lands along the Niger [in modern Mali] in 1584, Ahmad in 1591 ordered into action a powerful column equipped with small arms and even artillery, under the command of a general born in Spain, Jaudar, Jaudar Pasha as he came to be known. The objective was the wealthy (and Muslim) Songhay empire. — L. P. Harvey, Muslims in Spain, 1500 to 1614, 1597

Categorization

• SHARE: For anyone into the Songhay Empire or Moroccan military history — the surviving detail that a Spanish-born eunuch general led the Saharan invasion.