Modernization is distinct from Westernization and does not create a universal civilization

Evidence

For the first time in history global politics is both multipolar and multicivilizational; modernization is distinct from Westernization and is producing neither a universal civilization in any meaningful sense nor the Westernization of non-Western societies. — Samuel P. Huntington, The Clash of Civilizations and the…, 35

Categorization

• DEFINE: Sets up the book’s central conceptual distinction between modernization and Westernization.
• SEED: Angle for an essay: the claim that modernization theory wrongly equated industrialization with cultural convergence, and what this means for tech-driven globalization debates today.