Modern victim-based theories extend far beyond Allport’s ego-defensive account of prejudice targets.

Evidence

In sum, the models described above build from the most microlevel of analysis (Nigresence) to the most macro (Universal Context of Racism). Together, they postulate a variety of mechanisms that link self and other judgments within and across race; incorporate cognitive representations of systemic forces in personal outcomes; and base well-being on a calculus of these multilevel representations. Although these approaches are not contrary to Allport, they take us well beyond his analysis of ego-defensive tactics. — , Rudman, Laurie A - On the Nature of…, 1092

Categorization

• XREF: The arc from Allport’s ego-defensive framing to modern multilevel models mirrors shifts in the stress-and-coping literature (Lazarus and Folkman) and in intersectionality theory.