Modern racism is framed as individual deviance rather than systemic structure

Evidence

Where racism still exists, it is represented as the work of extremist individuals and organizations, psychologically unstable, monstrous individuals, who castrate and drag black bodies for miles; as the work of a tiny minority, the rotten apples in the police force; or as the unintended consequences of organizational features and policies. These are the remnants of earlier eras and the source of outrage and condemnation by all Americans when they happen today. Even more, they have been joined by other racists, so called “reverse racists.” According to this interpretation, the main racists of today are blacks, or other people of color, and the victims are whites, or other people of color. — David Theo Goldberg, John Solomos, A Companion to Racial and Ethnic Studies, 1817

Categorization

• QUESTION: The ‘rotten apples’ framing recurs in policing debates; worth tracing how this diagnostic metaphor shapes who gets held accountable.
• XREF: connects to: Industrial clustering creates a self-reinforcing cycle that masks underlying racism as market process.; Racism uses value hierarchies framed as natural to control and exploit — Rebecca A. Martusewicz, Jeff Edmundson, and John Lupinacci, EcoJustice Education: Toward Diverse,…, 1100; Racism is a societal system of ethnic and racial domination, not merely ideology — David Theo Goldberg, John Solomos, A Companion to Racial and Ethnic Studies, 1051 (+5 more)