Misunderstanding, not clarity, is the norm in media communication

Evidence

In a fundamentally transformative reversal, this emphasis shifts the question of misunderstanding from being a marginal kink in a communications process otherwise presumed to be smooth to a central place in the analysis—where differential understandings of any message are seen as the norm. — Hall, Stuart, Essential Essays, Volume 1, 759

Categorization

• XREF: Reverses the commonsense transmission model of communication; connects to the reader’s existing silence/fieldwork on meaning not being fixed in transit.