Men are both the main targets and main agents of out-group prejudice

Evidence

In sum, the research detailed in this section has provided an abundance of evidence suggesting that when arbitrary-set out-group discrimination occurs, it is primarily men who serve as the targets of this discrimination. We now turn to research examining the agent side of intergroup prejudice. We intend to demonstrate that it is primarily men who fill this role but qualify this statement with the expectation that women will also exhibit prejudice toward out-group men, but that this prejudice reflects a distinct underlying motivation that differs from the primary motives of men. — Roderick M. Kramer, Geoffrey J. Leonardelli, Robert W. Livingston, Social Cognition, Social Identity, and…, 1233 (#corroborates, via linked claim)

Based on the assumptions of SDT, we see little theoretical reason to expect prejudice, defined as in-group favoritism, to be gendered, in that there should be few, if any, gender differences in the levels of in-group favoritism among men and women, nor with respect to the gender of the targets of in-group favoritism. In contrast, this gender orthogonality is not expected when intergroup prejudice is defined in terms of out-group aggression, dominance, or social predation. Within this domain of intergroup prejudice, men are expected to be both the primary agents and targets of intergroup predation and aggression. — Roderick M. Kramer, Geoffrey J. Leonardelli, Robert W. Livingston, Social Cognition, Social Identity, and…, 1177 (#complicates, via linked claim)

Categorization

• XREF: connects to: Male-enforced intergroup hostility predates modern humans in the hominoid line.; Men serve as the primary targets and agents of intergroup prejudice; Men are both primary targets and primary agents of out-group hostility — Roderick M. Kramer, Geoffrey J. Leonardelli, Robert W. Livingston, Social Cognition, Social Identity, and…, 1233 (+11 more)

Broader Connections

• Men serve as the primary targets and agents of intergroup prejudice #corroborates (1.00)
• Men are both primary targets and primary agents of out-group hostility #corroborates (1.00) — Roderick M. Kramer, Geoffrey J. Leonardelli, Robert W. Livingston, Social Cognition, Social Identity, and…, 1233
• Prejudice-as-favoritism is gender-neutral but aggression targets men specifically #complicates (0.80) — Roderick M. Kramer, Geoffrey J. Leonardelli, Robert W. Livingston, Social Cognition, Social Identity, and…, 1177
• Out-group hostility among men targets arbitrary status hierarchies, not specific ethnic enemies. #complicates (0.78) — Roderick M. Kramer, Geoffrey J. Leonardelli, Robert W. Livingston, Social Cognition, Social Identity, and…, 1244
• Prejudice targets act as strategic agents rather than passive victims #complicates (0.72) — John F. Dovidio, Peter Glick, Laurie A. Rudman, On the Nature of Prejudice, 931