Men’s out-group bias requires perceived fighting ability, not just dominance motives.

Evidence

As was the case with women, it is also important to consider the potential costs incurred by men who use an approach-oriented strategy to dominate sexual rivals of the out-group. It should already be clear that among men, intergroup conflict is a high-risk/high-reward endeavor where the losers often lose their lives. As such, the propensity to engage in such a strategy likely requires more than the basic desire to dominate the men of the out-group; one must also appraise oneself as a formidable opponent. The greatest expressions of out-group bias then should be displayed by men who most strongly desire to dominate the out-group and who also perceive themselves as being best equipped to overcome the steep costs of conflict. — Roderick M. Kramer, Geoffrey J. Leonardelli, Robert W. Livingston, Social Cognition, Social Identity, and…, 1265

Categorization

• XREF: Complicates the earlier Allport-thread picture that prejudice is primarily hostile attitudinal affect; here it is competence-gated — adds a self-efficacy precondition to expressions of bias.
• corroborated: 2 independent passages support this claim — Roderick M. Kramer, Geoffrey J. Leonardelli, Robert W. Livingston, Social Cognition, Social Identity, and…, 1265