Medieval polemicists traced the Qur’an’s style to Muhammad’s suspected seizures.

Evidence

Mark of Toledo related the violence of the seizures ( ‘like’ epilepsy and ‘like’ demoniac possession) to the ‘confused style’ of the Qur’an which he thought an important defect. … The author, with sound historical judgement, rejected the wealth of legendary material available to him. — Norman Daniel, Islam and the West, 173

Categorization

• XREF: Early example of ranking a text’s style as defective due to its source’s supposed pathology — analogous to claims in the vault about casting Islam as disordered.