Meatal occlusion dropping one ear’s loudness 52 percent should still produce measurable summation

Evidence

The lack of summation in the Loudspeaker condition supports the observations made by Cox and Gray ( 2001 ) and by Epstein and Florentine ( 2009 , 2012 ), that, when monaural presentation is achieved by occluding one ear in a sound field, binaural summation can be dramatically reduced. … The lack of summation could have two logical causes. First, there may be some residual sound energy at the occluded ear that is sufficient to maintain its contribution to binaural loudness. Second, there may be some cognitive element which generates loudness constancy through the knowledge that one ear is occluded. — Dijk, Pim van, Physiology, Psychoacoustics and…, 1544 (#corroborates, via linked claim)

When the same sound is presented to both ears, it is perceived to be louder than when it is presented to one ear only (Fletcher and Munson 1933 ). As a result, the loudness of diotically and monaurally presented stimuli, usually tones or noise, has been found to be equivalent when the monaural stimulus is between 3 and 10 dB more intense (Fletcher and Munson 1933 ; Reynolds and Stevens 1960 ; Zwicker and Zwicker 1991 ; Sivonen and Ellermeier 2006 ; Whilby et al. 2006 ; Edmonds and Culling 2009 ). — Dijk, Pim van, Physiology, Psychoacoustics and…, 1527 (#exemplifies, via linked claim)

Experiment 1 demonstrated for the first time that binaural loudness constancy can be observed in a loudness matching task using direct comparisons of loudness between an occluded and unoccluded second ear. Experiment 2 showed that this effect could be partially mediated by the residual sound at the occluded ear, but the remaining effect would seem attributable to the listeners’ awareness of the occlusion. — Dijk, Pim van, Physiology, Psychoacoustics and…, 1562 (#qualifies, via linked claim)

Categorization

• XREF: connects to: Finger occlusion of one ear leaves perceived loudness of real external sounds nearly unchanged; Occluding one ear in a sound field dramatically reduces binaural loudness summation — Dijk, Pim van, Physiology, Psychoacoustics and…, 1544; Loss of externalisation when one earphone is deactivated may boost apparent loudness summation (+3 more)

Related

• Loss of externalisation when one earphone is deactivated may boost apparent loudness summation (similarity 0.94)
• Occluding one ear in a sound field dramatically reduces binaural loudness summation (similarity 0.93)
• Finger occlusion of one ear leaves perceived loudness of real external sounds nearly unchanged (similarity 0.91)
• Binaural loudness exceeds monaural loudness, more so for soft than loud sounds (similarity 0.91)
• Binaural loudness constancy depends on residual low-frequency cues and knowledge of ear occlusion (similarity 0.90)
• A finger-tap ear occlusion enables rapid loudness matching within single trials (similarity 0.90)
• Binaural loudness summation shrinks dramatically when one ear is occluded in a sound field. (similarity 0.90)
• A finger in the ear enables rapid 2-interval monaural-binaural loudness comparison (similarity 0.89)
• Knowledge that an ear is covered reduces loudness summation (similarity 0.88)
• Occlusion-based monaural hearing dramatically reduces binaural loudness summation. (similarity 0.88)
• Binaural loudness constancy operates independently of stimulus type (similarity 0.88)
• Modelling shows 52 percent loudness drop at occluded ear is inadequate alone (similarity 0.88)
• Binaural loudness summation levels depend strongly on how monaural presentation is achieved. (similarity 0.87)
• Binaural sound is judged louder than the same sound heard monaurally (similarity 0.87)
• Loudness constancy stems either from residual occluded-ear sound or cognitive knowledge of occlusion. (similarity 0.86)

Broader Connections

• Occluding one ear in a sound field dramatically reduces binaural loudness summation #corroborates (0.85) — Dijk, Pim van, Physiology, Psychoacoustics and…, 1544
• Binaural sound is judged louder than the same sound heard monaurally #exemplifies (0.82) — Dijk, Pim van, Physiology, Psychoacoustics and…, 1527
• Binaural loudness constancy depends on residual low-frequency cues and knowledge of ear occlusion #qualifies (0.78) — Dijk, Pim van, Physiology, Psychoacoustics and…, 1562
• Recruitment can explain why loudness summation is absent in noise-induced hearing loss #complicates (0.75) — Professor Dr.-Ing. Hugo Fastl, Professor Dr.-Ing. Eberhard, Psychoacoustics- Facts and Models, 1960
• Loss of externalisation when one earphone is deactivated may boost apparent loudness summation #corroborates (0.72)