Masculine Islamophobia frames Muslim men as imminent threats of violence

Evidence

Gendered Islamophobia theory holds that state and societal tropes ascribed to Muslim women are oppositional to those assigned to Muslim men. It elucidates how prevailing ideas of “submissiveness” and “subordination” attached to Muslim womanhood, and the grand aim of “liberating Muslim women” that follows, are rooted in an imperial epistemology that caricatures Muslim men as “violent,” “oppressive,” and “tyrannical.” — Khaled A. Beydoun, The New Crusades_ Islamophobia and the…, 1244 (#expands, via linked claim)

Because men are not easily identifiable as Muslim, they were not held accountable like Muslim women were in public spaces. They also did not express the same sentiments of collective responsibility echoed by Muslim women interviewed. Instead, they felt more keenly the repercussions of being associated with terrorism and diverted attention from their religious identity at work or in school to avoid this association. Because many were on TSA lists, they felt the power the state held over them. For this reason, Muslim men felt silenced and avoided bringing attention to their religious identity. This political disempowerment reflects how they are denied privileges associated with citizenship, such as the right to participate in political debate or discussions. For Muslim men, the fear of detention and deportation was real. — , Selod, Saher - Forever Suspect_…, 639 (#corroborates, via linked claim)

Categorization

• corroborated: 2 independent passages support this claim
• XREF: connects to: Muslim male violence is framed as an innate Islamic or racial impulse; Powell’s study concludes that white, non-Muslim men who commit domestic terrorism or other mass shootings are frequently described as being ‘mentally unstable,’ whereas Muslim terrorists are frequently described as angry extremists who are motivated primarily, if not solely, by religion.; Muslim women are simultaneously attacked as threats and pitied as victims (+8 more)

Broader Connections

• State-perpetuated fear racializes Muslim bodies as terrorist enemies #expands (0.75)
• Gendered Islamophobia assigns opposite tropes to Muslim women and men #expands (0.70) — Khaled A. Beydoun, The New Crusades_ Islamophobia and the…, 1244
• Muslim men’s invisibility as Muslims breeds fear of association with terrorism #corroborates (0.65) — , Selod, Saher - Forever Suspect_…, 639
• Islamophobic tropes become real violence through perceived enemy images #expands (0.60)
• Crises trigger public targeting of darker-skinned men mistaken for Muslims #expands (0.60) — , Selod, Saher - Forever Suspect_…, 735
• Islamophobic stereotypes of Muslims form a closed gendered loop. #expands (0.55) — Carl W. Ernst, Islamophobia in America_ The Anatomy of…, 487