Later-stage racial identities serve empowerment rather than self-esteem repair.

Evidence

The middle stage of the Nigresence Model, Immersion-Emersion, depicts two dynamics – intense Black involvement and anti-White sentiment. This stage maps directly onto Allport’s strengthening ingroup ties and outgroup prejudice. However, these are not intropunitive, and they are not related to self-esteem. The last stage, Internalization, consists of two subidentities, Black Nationalist – an activist orientation with high race salience – and Multiculturalist, in which positive race salience combines with activism in concert with other groups. This last set of identities seems to address the strategies of empowerment more than the psychological feelings of inferiority or well-being. These subidentities reflect extropunitive mechanisms outlined by Allport, but have not been directly tied to specific psychological outcomes. — , Rudman, Laurie A - On the Nature of…, 1076

Categorization

• DEFINE: Maps the Immersion-Emersion and Internalization stages onto Allport’s intropunitive/extropunitive defense taxonomy.
• XREF: connects to: Empowering victim groups requires honoring resilience and heritage, not reducing identity to victimhood. — Nurit Shnabel and Johannes Ullrich, Identity Needs in Intergroup Relations:…, 154