Judicial selection systems reflect successive eras of political reform since 1789

Evidence

Interstate diversity also reflects the waves of political reform that have periodically swept the nation. At the time the U.S. Constitution was ratified, all 13 states selected their judges either by gubernatorial appointment—the system used in the colonies before independence—or by legislative election. States whose legislatures now elect judges have retained that system since the late eighteenth century, and three states in which the governor appoints judges had adopted that system before 1800. — G. Alan Tarr, Judicial Process and Judicial…, 407

Categorization

• XREF: This is textbook history connecting judges to waves of American political reform — relevant to the course framing on how interpretive structure is itself politically constructed. — connects to: Jacksonian democracy installed popular partisan election of judges nationwide — G. Alan Tarr, Judicial Process and Judicial…, 408; Judicial selection reform moved historically from partisan to nonpartisan elections to merit selection — G. Alan Tarr, Judicial Process and Judicial…, 409; American judicial selection shifted over time with alternating independence and accountability values — G. Alan Tarr, Judicial Process and Judicial…, 370 (+4 more)

Broader Connections

• Judicial selection reform moved historically from partisan to nonpartisan elections to merit selection #expands (0.92) — G. Alan Tarr, Judicial Process and Judicial…, 409
• American judicial selection shifted over time with alternating independence and accountability values #expands (0.86) — G. Alan Tarr, Judicial Process and Judicial…, 370
• Progressive openness transformed judicial confirmation into public politics #exemplifies (0.78) — G. Alan Tarr, Judicial Process and Judicial…, 544
• Merit selection transforms rather than removes politics from judicial selection #qualifies (0.75) — G. Alan Tarr, Judicial Process and Judicial…, 439
• Ideology has replaced patronage in appeals court selection since recent decades #exemplifies (0.74)
• No judicial selection system fully eliminates political influence #qualifies (0.72) — G. Alan Tarr, Judicial Process and Judicial…, 498