Jacana females only breed when dominant enough to hold territory.

Evidence

Female jacanas are fighters, towering over the males. They are stronger than males, vastly more aggressive, and they have the larger weapons. Sharp yellow spurs jut forward like daggers from each elbow. Bigger females fare better in fierce battles and, as a rule, only dominant, top-condition females manage to hold a territory for long enough to breed. — Emlen, Douglas J, Animal Weapons_ The Evolution of Battle, 144

Categorization

  • XREF: connects to: Among jacanas, females are the armed, aggressive sex defending breeding territories.