Italian workers seized factory production across sixty cities in 1920

Evidence

The date is significant. In those days and weeks in Italy, class struggle had reached its peak. Factory occupations were spreading like wildfire. Throughout the Italian peninsula, for over a month, workers in more than sixty cities had taken direct control of production in all sectors, from mines to dockyards, railways to textile factories. — Clara E. Mattei, Escape from Capitalism, 10

Categorization

• XREF: This is the first of the reader’s named cases (Italy) — the empirical anchor for the class-discipline thesis. — connects to: The 1920 Italian factory occupations emerged spontaneously beyond union or employer intent — Clara E. Mattei, The Capital Order: How Economists…, 551; Italian factory occupations proceeded peacefully with workers directly managing production — Clara E. Mattei, The Capital Order: How Economists…, 553; Italian agricultural workers won practical workplace self-governance through mass strikes in 1920 — Clara E. Mattei, The Capital Order: How Economists…, 379 (+3 more)
• SHARE: For someone into Italian labor history or Gramsci — the Fiat occupation photo with workers seated at Agnelli’s desk is a striking image.