Iran’s revolution structurally parallels pre-revolutionary France and Russia.

Evidence

In Iran under the Pahlavis, as in France under the Bourbons and in Russia under the Romanovs, a major process of change was already under way, and had advanced to a point at which it required a shift in political power in order to continue. And in the Iranian revolution, as in the others, there was also the possibility that something might happen whereby the process of change was deflected, perverted, or even annulled. — Bernard Lewis, From Babel to Dragomans, 1118

Categorization

• XREF: Connects to the reader’s prior reading on the French and Russian revolutions as dynastic-overthrow models, and to the theme of revolution’s co-opting or deflection.