Intellectual self-discipline and moral independence must precede all specialisation

Evidence

By contrast, therefore, the last phase of the common school must be conceived and structured as the decisive phase, whose aim is to create the fundamental values of “humanism”, the intellectual self-discipline and the moral independence which are necessary for subsequent specialisation—whether it be of a scientific character (university studies) or of an immediately practical-productive character (industry, civil service, organisation of commerce, etc.). The study and learning of creative methods in science and in life must begin in this last phase of the school, and no longer be a monopoly of the university or be left to chance in practical life. This phase of the school must already contribute to developing the element of independent responsibility in each individual, must be a creative school. — Antonio Gramsci, Selections from the Prison Notebooks, 345

Categorization

• DEFINE: Defines the aim of the common school’s final phase: creating humanism, intellectual self-discipline, and moral independence as groundwork for any specialisation.
• XREF: connects to: Intellectual self-discipline resists impulses the thinker already harbors within himself