Institutional racism is defined by adverse outcomes, not by intent.

Evidence

Institutional racism occurs when the outcomes of specific policies, organizational arrangements, or the actions of the powerful result in adverse consequences for people of color. When real estate agents direct people of color to purchase homes in a limited number of neighborhoods, when police target certain areas for crime, when employers do not recruit from black colleges, when prosecutors exclude black jurors, when hospitals do not offer expensive technological examinations, all of these have an adverse effect on communities of color. — David Theo Goldberg, John Solomos, A Companion to Racial and Ethnic Studies, 1881

Categorization

• DEFINE: Clean definition of institutional racism as outcome-based, contrastable with ideology-based racism described just before.
• corroborated: 2 independent passages support this claim — David Theo Goldberg, John Solomos, A Companion to Racial and Ethnic Studies, 1881