Industrialists shift support among parties rather than founding their own

Evidence

The problem arises of whether the great industrialists have a permanent political party of their own. It seems to me that the reply must be in the negative. The great industrialists utilise all the existing parties turn by turn, but they do not have their own party. This does not mean that they are in any way “agnostic” or “apolitical”. Their interest is in a determinate balance of forces, which they obtain precisely by using their resources to reinforce one party or another in turn from the varied political checkerboard (with the exception, needless to say, only of the enemy party, whose reinforcement cannot be assisted even as a tactical move). — Antonio Gramsci, Selections from the Prison Notebooks, 686

Categorization

• XREF: This pluralistic domination-by-balance thesis connects to liberal theories of power diffusion and to later critiques of how capital operates through the state without a single party vehicle — relevant to how Islamophobia functions through multiple governmental and discursive sites.