India is empirical counter-evidence to the Third World’s non-capitalist definition.

Evidence

Take, for example, India. Its colonial past is nostalgically rehashed on US television screens in copious series every few months, but the India of today has all the characteristics of a capitalist country: generalized commodity production, vigorous and escalating exchanges nor only between agriculture and industry but also between Departments I and II of industry itself, and technical personnel more numerous than those of France and Germany combined. It is a very miserable kind of capitalism, and the conditions of life for over half the Indian population - roughly four hundred million people - are considerably worse than what Engels described in The Condition of the Working Class in England. — Aijaz Ahmad, In Theory, 388

Categorization

• XREF: Concrete counter-example that undermines discourse-driven world classification; connects to reader’s interest in how essentialist categories break down under material analysis. — connects to: The term Third World originally named military non-alignment, not geography or modes of production — Aijaz Ahmad, In Theory: Nations, Classes, Literatures, 564; India is already a capitalist country despite its colonial past — Aijaz Ahmad, In Theory: Nations, Classes, Literatures, 158; The term Third World derives from the French Third Estate — Aijaz Ahmad, In Theory: Classes, Nations, Literatures, 1263 (+1 more)
• SEED: The phrase ‘misery worse than Engels described, yet a mature parliamentary bourgeoisie’ could seed an essay on how postcolonial theory’s categories obscure capitalism’s uneven global reach.

Broader Connections

• India is already a capitalist country despite its colonial past #corroborates (0.88) — Aijaz Ahmad, In Theory, 158
• The term Third World originally named military non-alignment, not geography or modes of production #qualifies (0.82) — Aijaz Ahmad, In Theory, 564
• The term Third World derives from the French Third Estate #expands (0.75) — Aijaz Ahmad, In Theory, 1263