Indentured Indian laborers were largely from subordinated castes and enslaved

Evidence

The Indian indentured labour whose “moral faculties” were in such a state of collapse were largely from the subordinated castes and lived and worked in conditions of virtual slavery, incarcerated on sugar cane farms. They were flogged, starved, imprisoned, often sexually abused, and died in great numbers. — Ambedkar, B R, Annihilation of Caste_ The Annotated…, 188

Categorization

• XREF: The caste composition of indentured labor connects directly to the reader’s caste-annihilation theme: bonded caste labor exported under empire.