In-group boundaries within collectivism are permeable only by birth, not achievement

Evidence

Within a collectivistic frame, relationships involve obligation and generosity toward the in-group (Leung, 1997), along with conflict and competition with out-groups (Oyserman, 1993; Triandis, 1995). Boundaries of the in-group are not perme­ able. In-groups may be the family, clan, ethnic group, or nation, but member­ ship is ascribed at birth and is not achievable through common interests or other means (Triandis, 1995). — Leonard S. Newman and Ralph Erber (eds.), Understanding Genocide, 1025

Categorization

• DEFINE: Defines collectivistic in-group boundaries as impermeable and birth-ascribed, laying groundwork for why out-group scapegoating becomes possible.
• XREF: connects to: Individualism and collectivism differ chiefly in in-group identity and loyalty — Roderick M. Kramer, Geoffrey J. Leonardelli, Robert W. Livingston, Social Cognition, Social Identity, and…, 1598; Collectivism differs qualitatively across cultures, not just in degree; Collectivist frames attribute causality to whole groups rather than individual actors — Leonard S. Newman and Ralph Erber (eds.), Understanding Genocide: The Social…, 1028 (+3 more)

Broader Connections

• Individualism and collectivism differ chiefly in in-group identity and loyalty #expands (0.85) — Roderick M. Kramer, Geoffrey J. Leonardelli, Robert W. Livingston, Social Cognition, Social Identity, and…, 1598
• Collectivist frames attribute causality to whole groups rather than individual actors #expands (0.80) — Leonard S. Newman and Ralph Erber (eds.), Understanding Genocide, 1028
• Collectivism differs qualitatively across cultures, not just in degree #complicates (0.75)
• In-group trust bias is stronger in individualist than collectivist cultures #contradicts (0.75) — Roderick M. Kramer, Geoffrey J. Leonardelli, Robert W. Livingston, Social Cognition, Social Identity, and…, 1632
• Valuing one’s in-group does not inevitably produce out-group discrimination #complicates (0.75) — Roderick M. Kramer, Geoffrey J. Leonardelli, Robert W. Livingston, Social Cognition, Social Identity, and…, 1382
• Social identity complexity governs who counts as an in-group member #expands (0.70)