Identity is measured as identification extent, developmental status, or identity-related needs.

Evidence

As long as there was variation on the independent variable, we considered various iden­ tity operationalizations appropriate, such as the extent of identification (e.g., with a specific group, ideological goal, physical feature, personality trait or skill), indi­ cations of identity development (e.g., identity processing styles or developmental identity status) or the extent to which individuals experienced identity-related issues and needs (e.g., feelings of uncertainty about one’s own identity). — Lea Echelmeyer, Anne-Marie Slotboom, and Frank Weerman, The Putative Effect of Identity on…, 34

Categorization

• DEFINE: Names the three operational families of identity predictors, which is exactly what the reader needs to align ‘negative identity’ against each other.
• XREF: The ‘feelings of uncertainty about one’s own identity’ operationalization is the closest empirical analogue to a negative-identity mechanism.