Host-country costs rebound as rising hostility against America

Evidence

Meanwhile, the costs to host countries are also steep. They include financial expenses, like the money spent cleaning environmental damage, soundproofing homes, and paying damages for crimes committed by U.S. troops. They also include, as we have seen, nonfinancial forms of spillover, ranging from environmental damage to the support offered for repressive governments to sexual assault and rape. These, in turn, impose on the United States and its citizens what the economist Dancs calls the “costs of rising hostility,” reckoned in the damage done to the country’s international reputation and its standing in the world. — David Vine, Base Nation_ How U.S. Military Bases…, 669

Categorization

• DEFINE: Defines Dancs’s ‘costs of rising hostility’ concept as the reputational damage that rebounds onto the United States.
• XREF: Instantiates the reader’s interest in how overseas misconduct damages the United States itself.