Haiti was the hemisphere’s second independent republic

Evidence

The French Revolution was in turn paralleled in the New World by the outbreak of Toussaint L’Ouverture’s insurrection in 1791, which by 1806 had resulted in Haiti’s former slaves creating the second independent republic of the Western hemisphere. — Benedict Anderson, Imagined Communities, 761

Categorization

  • XREF: Haiti as the slave-led nation is a foundational counter-example that later readings on race, nationalism, and the limits of the national imaginary will invoke.