Gramsci saw trade-union reformism as resisting mass organization from below

Evidence

Gramsci spoke of “a rightist conception, connected to the desire not to clash too seriously with the reformist trade-union bureaucracy which strenuously opposes any organisation of the masses”. — Antonio Gramsci, Selections from the Prison Notebooks, 210

Categorization

• DEFINE: Clarifies Gramsci’s distinction between rightist (reformist-bureaucratic) and revolutionary approaches to organizing the masses — a conceptual distinction the toolkit carries forward.