Gramsci saw the factory council as a prototype of a classless communist society.

Evidence

Gramsci envisaged the factory council as a fi rst nucleus of a classless society: “Th e factory council must be formed according to the principle of organization by industry; it must represent for the working class the model of communist society, at which it will arrive through the dictatorship of the proletariat; in this society there will not exist divisions of class, all social relations will be governed according to the technical requirements of production and of the corresponding organization, and will not be subordinated to an organized state power” (Gramsci 1921). — Clara E. Mattei, The Capital Order, 1672

Categorization

• XREF: Connects to the reader’s knowledge of Italian worker militancy and the Turin factory council movement as a concrete alternative to parliamentarism.