Gramsci groups Kantianism, Aristotelian-Scholastic thought, and positivism in a shared transcendentalist matrix

Evidence

As a philosophic school, it has certain definite characteristics. First, it is confined within the limits of what appears to the writer to be orthodoxy; if his views are condemned by a council, he is usually willing to retract. … Third, there is a great belief in ‘dialectic’ and in syllogistic reasoning; the general temper of the scholastics is minute and disputatious rather than mystical. — Bertrand Russell, History of Western Philosophy, 1658 (#expands, via linked claim)

Galileo held, as against this view, that every body, if left alone, will continue to move in a straight line with uniform velocity; any change, either in the rapidity or the direction of motion, requires to be explained as due to the action of some ‘force’. This principle was enunciated by Newton as the ‘first law of motion’. — Bertrand Russell, History of Western Philosophy, 1961 (#contradicts, via linked claim)

An ascetic morality was the natural consequence of this dualism. Christianity adopted this doctrine in part, but never wholly. — Bertrand Russell, History of Western Philosophy, 611 (#expands, via linked claim)

Categorization

• XREF: connects to: Scholastic philosophy operates within orthodoxy and uses syllogistic reasoning — Bertrand Russell, History of Western Philosophy, 1658; Platonic dualism naturally generated an ascetic morality that Christianity partially adopted — Bertrand Russell, History of Western Philosophy, 611; Galileos principle of inertia replaced the Aristotelian distinction between natural motions. — Bertrand Russell, History of Western Philosophy, 1961 (+4 more)

Broader Connections

• Scholastic philosophy operates within orthodoxy and uses syllogistic reasoning #expands (0.82) — Bertrand Russell, History of Western Philosophy, 1658
• Galileos principle of inertia replaced the Aristotelian distinction between natural motions. #contradicts (0.78) — Bertrand Russell, History of Western Philosophy, 1961
• Platonic dualism naturally generated an ascetic morality that Christianity partially adopted #expands (0.72) — Bertrand Russell, History of Western Philosophy, 611