Government credit policy manufactured residential segregation by design.

Evidence

There is some scholarly disagreement regarding the residential mixing of classes in the preindustrial city. Comhaire and Cahnman, for example, suggest that in Ancient Rome, the poor tended to concentrate in the central city, the rich moving outward to private homes built on the slopes of the surrounding hills (1962:52). That is, they suggest, at least for Rome, a pattern similar to that found in the modern city. On the other hand, Sjoberg argues that in the preindustrial city, generally, the reverse was true: the rich concentrated in the center of the city, while the poor were forced to the outskirts (I 960:98-99). It is probably the case that some tendency toward segregation was always to be found. Yet the necessary compactness and density of the pretrolley, preautomobile city must surely have kept this tendency in check. — Lyn H. Lofland, World of Strangers_ Order and Action in…, 1096 (#contradicts, via linked claim)

Toil, 1969. It remains to be seen how successful recent attempts in the United States to “scatter” public housing among affluent neighborhoods will be. But at least in one European city where access to housing is governmentally controlled, the segregation of social groups by neighborhood appears to be waning (Musil, 1968). — Lyn H. Lofland, World of Strangers_ Order and Action in…, 1134 (#contradicts, via linked claim)

During the New Deal, federal agencies like the Home Owners’ Loan Corporation and the Federal Housing Administration encouraged redlining practices that explicitly marked minority neighborhoods as risky investments and, therefore, discouraged bank loans, mortgages, and insurance there. Other policies simply targeted Black communities for isolation and demolition. The postwar programs for urban renewal, for instance, destroyed Black neighborhoods and displaced their residents with such regularity that African Americans came to believe, in James Baldwin’s memorable line, that “urban renewal” meant “Negro removal.” — Nikole Hannah-Jones et al., The 1619 Project, 1196 (#corroborates, via linked claim)

Categorization

• XREF: connects to: Challenging segregation required exposing how government had shaped housing patterns. — Matthew D. Lassiter, The Suburban Origins of “Color-Blind”…, 29; Federal loan agencies institutionalized racial segregation as real-estate orthodoxy — Kevin M. Kruse, White Flight: Atlanta and the Making of…, 144; A federal housing project was deliberately built as a segregation buffer — Kevin M. Kruse, White Flight: Atlanta and the Making of…, 171 (+15 more)

Broader Connections

• Federal housing programs institutionalized residential segregation through redlining and demolition #corroborates (1.00) — Nikole Hannah-Jones et al., The 1619 Project, 1196
• Government housing control can reduce neighborhood segregation #contradicts (1.00) — Lyn H. Lofland, World of Strangers_ Order and Action in…, 1134
• Preindustrial cities’ density limited class-residential segregation #contradicts (1.00) — Lyn H. Lofland, World of Strangers_ Order and Action in…, 1096
• Residential segregation is central to reproducing social inequality #expands (0.95) — David Theo Goldberg, John Solomos, A Companion to Racial and Ethnic Studies, 2433
• Residential segregation was deliberately constructed, not natural or market-driven #corroborates (0.95) — Luke W. Cole and Sheila R. Foster, From the Ground Up, 340
• Preindustrial cities merged work and residence within single dwellings #contradicts (0.90) — Lyn H. Lofland, World of Strangers_ Order and Action in…, 228
• Commercial segregation, like residential segregation, was engineered through zoning #qualifies (0.85)
• Housing policy biases who can form intentional communities toward privileged groups #qualifies (0.85) — Yael Arbell, The Circle of Commoning, 60
• Preindustrial cities mixed rich and poor dwellings within single quarters #contradicts (0.85) — Lyn H. Lofland, World of Strangers_ Order and Action in…, 226
• Rebuilt housing architecture fixed and made permanent a codified social hierarchy #complicates (0.85)
• Racially patterned residential preferences reproduce segregation without overt racism #expands (0.80) — David Theo Goldberg, The Threat of Race, 1783
• Political segregation mirrors residential segregation along party and racial lines #qualifies (0.80) — David Theo Goldberg, The Threat of Race, 469
• Obligation-credit structures concentrate power in hierarchical and stratified settings. #qualifies (0.80) — Coleman, SocialCapitalCreation-1988, 92
• Residential segregation is a multidimensional construct with five distinct axes of spatial variation #expands (0.75) — David Theo Goldberg, John Solomos, A Companion to Racial and Ethnic Studies, 2418
• Everyday commercial contact coexisted with total prohibition of residential and social mixing #expands (0.75) — David Theo Goldberg, The Threat of Race, 1419